Memphis, also known as Mit Rahina, was the ancient capital of Inebu-hedj, the first nome of Lower Egypt. Its ruins are located near the present-day village of Mit Rahina in Giza Governorate, Egypt. Here are some key details:

1. Historical Significance:

   • Founded earlier than the 31st century BC, Memphis played a crucial role in ancient Egyptian history.
   • It served as the capital during both the Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom.
   • The city remained an important center for commerce, trade, and religion throughout ancient Egypt.

2. Strategic Location:

   • Memphis occupied a strategic position at the mouth of the Nile Delta.
   • Its principal port, Peru-nefer, featured a high density of workshops, factories, and warehouses that distributed food and merchandise throughout the kingdom.

3. Patron Deity:

   • Memphis was believed to be under the protection of the god Ptah, the patron of craftsmen.
   • Its great temple, Hut-ka-Ptah (meaning “Enclosure of the ka of Ptah”), was one of the most prominent structures in the city.

4. Modern Exploration:

   • The site is now an open-air museum where visitors can explore the ruins.
   • Notable artifacts include a fallen colossal limestone statue of Ramesses II, an alabaster sphinx from the New Kingdom, and stone beds used for mummifying sacred Apis bulls.

5. UNESCO World Heritage Site:

   • Memphis, along with the pyramid fields extending westward (including the Pyramids of Giza), is listed as the World Heritage Site Memphis and its Necropolis.

Memphis stands as a testament to one of the earliest and most significant chapters in human history, serving as the cradle of civilization in ancient Egypt. 🌟