Memphis, also known as Mit Rahina, was the ancient capital of Inebu-hedj, the first nome of Lower Egypt. Its ruins are located near the present-day village of Mit Rahina in Giza Governorate, Egypt. Here are some key details:
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Historical Significance:
- Founded earlier than the 31st century BC, Memphis played a crucial role in ancient Egyptian history.
- It served as the capital during both the Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom.
- The city remained an important center for commerce, trade, and religion throughout ancient Egypt.
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Strategic Location:
- Memphis occupied a strategic position at the mouth of the Nile Delta.
- Its principal port, Peru-nefer, featured a high density of workshops, factories, and warehouses that distributed food and merchandise throughout the kingdom.
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Patron Deity:
- Memphis was believed to be under the protection of the god Ptah, the patron of craftsmen.
- Its great temple, Hut-ka-Ptah (meaning “Enclosure of the ka of Ptah”), was one of the most prominent structures in the city.
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Modern Exploration:
- The site is now an open-air museum where visitors can explore the ruins.
- Notable artifacts include a fallen colossal limestone statue of Ramesses II, an alabaster sphinx from the New Kingdom, and stone beds used for mummifying sacred Apis bulls.
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UNESCO World Heritage Site:
- Memphis, along with the pyramid fields extending westward (including the Pyramids of Giza), is listed as the World Heritage Site Memphis and its Necropolis.
Memphis stands as a testament to one of the earliest and most significant chapters in human history, serving as the cradle of civilization in ancient Egypt. 🌟